Neonatal Outcomes by Mode of Conception in a NICU Population: An Interim Analysis of a Two-Centre Cohort Study

Abstract Background: IVF-conceived singletons are internationally reported to carry a higher risk of preterm birth and low birth weight than spontaneously conceived singletons, but comparable data from Nepal and South Asia are limited Methods: Retrospective observational cohort study of 559 neonates admitted to the NICU at two centres (2020–2025), compared by mode of conception (spontaneous, IUI, IVF). Composite adverse neonatal outcome analyzed by multivariable logistic regression adjusting for maternal age, comorbidity, and mode of delivery.