Educational and Counseling Competencies of Midwives in the Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections Across a Woman’s Life Course: A Narrative Review

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain a significant public health challenge due to dynamic epidemiological and behavioral shifts. The diversity of pathogens necessitates complex strategies for screening, diagnosis, and prevention, supported by health education and counseling to mitigate risky sexual behaviors. This narrative review aims to systematize and analyze the educational and counseling competencies of midwives in the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) across the distinct stages of a woman's life course. The professional role of the midwife in STI prevention is grounded in clinical knowledge and counseling skills that support women in maintaining optimal sexual and reproductive health. During puberty, age-appropriate history-taking and sensitive communication facilitate the provision of critical information regarding STIs, HPV, and early prophylaxis. Furthermore, STI prevention is vital for ensuring safe pregnancy and childbirth outcomes, with midwifery competencies directly influencing the development of health literacy, informed sexual behavior, and responsible health practices among young people. In early reproductive age, clinical counseling fosters sustainable health habits and responsible attitudes, thereby preserving vital reproductive functions. Particular emphasis is placed on regular prophylactic gynecological check-ups, which enable the early identification of infections and functional anomalies, supporting long-term gynecological well-being. Ultimately, comprehensive care for women of reproductive age incorporates structured professional support to sustain sexual health and strengthen community-based infection prevention.