Effect of Deep Versus Moderate Neuromuscular Block on Chronic Postsurgical Pain After Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background

Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) is a debilitating complication following posterior lumbar surgery, often exacerbated by retraction-induced paraspinal muscle injury. While deep neuromuscular blockade (DNMB) optimizes surgical conditions, its ability to mitigate this mechanical injury and prevent pain chronification remains unproven. This trial investigated the effect of DNMB on the incidence of CPSP and its underlying biological mechanisms.