Utility and Responsiveness of Objective and Subjective Outcomes Following Shoulder Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background

Postoperative recovery following shoulder surgery is assessed using a wide array of patient-reported and objective outcome measures, yet no standardized framework guides their selection across clinical contexts. Outcome instruments are frequently applied interchangeably despite being developed for distinct pathologies, procedures, and populations, limiting cross-study comparability and clinical interpretation.