Is there a role for artificial intelligence in end-of-life care for persons with dementia? Perspectives of and recommendations by caregivers and hospice staff

Abstract Background and Objectives Tools powered by artificial intelligence (AI) are reshaping many aspects of dementia care, and end-of-life caregiving for persons with dementia may not be exempt from such paradigm shifts. In this study, we explored families’ and staff’s acceptance of AI in hospice dementia care and generated actionable recommendations for AI designers in supporting end-of-life care for persons with dementia. Design and Methods In this qualitative descriptive study, we conducted individual and focus group interviews with family caregivers (N = 30) of hospice patients with dementia and hospice staff (N = 9). We utilized the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as our theoretical framework and conducted directed content analysis. Results Participants described AI tools as potentially helpful for obtaining information, monitoring patients, managing medications and appointments, providing companionship, and conducting logistical tasks. Familiarity with technology, along with user-friendly interfaces and guidance, emerged as subcategories of perceived ease of use. The uniqueness of hospice, encompassing its humanistic nature and emphasis on families as part of the care unit, also emerged as a key factor impacting attitudes towards AI use. Although many anticipated that AI would bring inevitable changes in the future, they showed nuanced trust and perspectives on how it would impact the essence of care. Based on our participants’ narratives, recommendations emerged across three domains: population-related, AI feature-related, and deployment-related. Discussion and Implications Families and frontline staff should not be considered merely as end users, but as key stakeholders whose needs and expertise should shape the direction of AI applications.