Association between cardiometabolic risk factors and hypertension in a primary care setting : Findings from the cek kesehatan gratis programme

Abstract Background and Aims The Cek Kesehatan Gratis (CKG) programme enables community-based screening for hypertension and cardiometabolic risk in primary healthcare settings. This study examined the associations between obesity, sex, age, and selected metabolic abnormalities with hypertension among CKG participants in Depok. Methods This cross-sectional study analysed 1,720 individuals participating in the CKG programme in Depok. Variables included blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), age, sex, lipid profile, and blood glucose. Associations were assessed using chi-square tests and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Among participants aged ≥40 years with measurements, associations between obesity and elevated blood glucose, hypercholesterolaemia, and hypertriglyceridaemia were evaluated. Results The prevalence of hypertension was 28.6%. Obesity was associated with hypertension (χ² = 19.9, p < 0.001; OR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.32–2.04), and male sex was also associated with hypertension (χ² = 11.6, p < 0.001; OR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.18–1.83). Age category (<40 vs ≥40 years) was not associated with hypertension (p = 0.066). Among participants aged ≥40 years, obesity was associated with elevated blood glucose (χ² = 4.48, p = 0.034; OR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.04–3.26), but not with hypercholesterolaemia (p = 0.349) or hypertriglyceridaemia (p = 0.171). Conclusion In this primary care screening population, hypertension affected nearly one in three participants. Obesity and male sex were associated with hypertension, highlighting the importance of strengthening early cardiovascular prevention through risk factor identification within the CKG programme.