Systematic review on the health benefits and sensory acceptance of papaya seed powder-enriched millet products

Millet-based products are acknowledged for their nutritional value and role in enhancing sustainable food systems. Because of their high fibre content, vital minerals, and gluten-free qualities, millet-based goods are nutrient-dense and popular. By adding bioactive components with antibacterial, antioxidant, and digestive health benefits, papaya seed powder (PSP) improves their functional role, offering an innovative approach to enhancing health benefits and sensory appeal. This review focuses on the potential of PSP to improve both nutritional and sensory attributes of millet-based products. The main aim is to assess the nutritional impact, examine sensory acceptability, evaluate health benefits, explore industrial and food applications, and to promote sustainability. This systematic review was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, identifying 75 studies that met the inclusion criteria after full-text screening. PSP enhances the nutritional profile of millet products by increasing antioxidant activity, bioactive compounds, and glycemic response. PSP also exhibits antimicrobial properties against foodborne pathogens and promotes gut health. Moderate PSP levels (5–10%) improve taste and aroma, while higher concentrations (>10%) cause bitterness. PSP-enriched millet products have industrial potential for functional food development, including energy bars, fortified snacks, and health foods.