An Affixed Ingestible Sensor for Post-Endoscopic Bleeding Surveillance

Background and Aims Detection of post-procedural bleeding (PPB) following endoscopic interventions remains a major clinical challenge. Wireless optical sensors have been clinically validated for the real-time, noninvasive detection of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding but they have not been evaluated in the post-intervention setting. Here we demonstrate a technique to modify this optical sensor to permit secure fixation to the duodenum, facilitating continuous in situ monitoring for early detection of PPB after upper GI endoscopic procedures that are higher risk for bleeding such as ampullectomy and endoscopic submucosal dissection. Methods An optical bleeding sensor was affixed to the duodenal wall adjacent to the procedure site. Patients were monitored for post-procedural bleeding for 24-48 hours. Results The optical bleeding sensor was successfully modified and affixed to the duodenal wall using vicryl suture and a standard endoscopic clip. It detected post-procedural bleeding and resulted in timely intervention in a patient with PPB. Conclusions Implantable capsule-based bleeding detection offers a novel approach to post-endoscopic monitoring. With real-time feedback and continuous surveillance, this technology may enhance safety and efficiency in managing high-risk patients. Further studies are needed to refine attachment strategies and validate broader clinical use.