PANoptosis in diabetic wound repair and regeneration: current evidence and mechanistic perspectives

Diabetic wound (DW) is a major complication of diabetes characterized by persistent inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular dysfunction, impaired angiogenesis, and abnormal extracellular matrix remodeling. Dysregulated programmed cell death is increasingly recognized as an important contributor to defective healing. PANoptosis is an integrated inflammatory cell death program that coordinates pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis through the PANoptosome. This review summarizes the molecular basis of PANoptosis and examines its potential involvement in DW repair and regeneration. We discuss how PANoptosis-related signaling may intersect with hyperglycemia-induced inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, endothelial injury, angiogenic impairment, and extracellular matrix dysregulation. Although direct evidence remains limited, current findings suggest that PANoptosis may connect persistent inflammatory injury with impaired tissue repair in DW. Clarifying its cell-specific and stage-dependent regulation will be essential to establish its mechanistic significance in chronic DW.