Maternal perceptions of infection prevention and control practices within neonatal intensive care units: A content analysis

Background Globally, infection remains a major threat to neonatal survival, particularly within neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). These units are highly susceptible to healthcare-associated infections, which can be influenced by maternal practices and perceptions. Aim This study explored maternal perceptions of infection prevention and control (IPC) practices within the NICU environment. Methods A descriptive qualitative design guided by the Health Belief Model was employed. Sixteen mothers with critically ill neonates admitted to the NICU were purposively selected. Data were collected through in-depth interviews using a semi-structured guide. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed through content analysis. The study followed the COREQ guidelines. Results Three main themes emerged: perceived trust in the NICU environment, perceived value of infection prevention, and maternal motivation and emotional commitment to IPC practices. Mothers expressed strong trust in the NICU's cleanliness, staff professionalism, and infection prevention protocols. They viewed adherence to IPC as an indicator of quality care and a sign of the hospital's competence. Mothers demonstrated awareness of infection transmission routes and recognised the importance of hygiene for their babies' recovery. Emotional attachment and desire for their babies' recovery motivated mothers to strictly comply with IPC guidelines despite fatigue and financial strain. Conclusion Maternal perceptions of safety, trust in healthcare providers, and emotional commitment strongly influence IPC practices in the NICU. Strengthening communication, family-centred engagement, and maternal education on IPC could improve adherence and neonatal outcomes in critical care settings.