Effects of drying and storage on bioactive components, fungal community and mycotoxin accumulation in Gardeniae Fructus: A multivariate analysis approach

Postharvest drying and storage are critical for maintaining the quality and safety of Gardeniae Fructus . This study investigated the impact of various drying methods and storage conditions on the retention of bioactive compounds and microbial safety in Gardeniae Fructus . Freeze drying and vacuum drying better preserved appearance and retained geniposide, crocins, and polysaccharides, whereas sun drying caused higher moisture retention, poor appearance, and rapid relative abundance of fungi. During storage, 40 °C and 90% RH promoted Aspergillus spp. dominance and increased ochratoxin A to 6.37 µg/kg. Storage at 25 °C and 65% RH favored Fusarium spp . development and increased fumonisin B 1 to 164.30 µg/kg. Correlation analysis further showed that drying shaped distinct fungal–chemical profiles, while temperature, humidity and moisture were closely associated with fungal succession and mycotoxin accumulation during storage. Overall, drying determines the initial quality and fungal status of Gardeniae Fructus , whereas storage conditions largely govern its subsequent stability and safety. These results provide a technological basis for optimizing the postharvest supply chain of Gardeniae Fructus to retain bioactive compounds and reduce harmful substances.