International Clinical Practice Guideline of Chinese Medicine: Functional Dyspepsia

ABSTRACT Background and Objective Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a disorder of gut–brain interaction characterized by recurrent upper gastrointestinal symptoms in the absence of identifiable organic disease. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is increasingly used in its management. This guideline aims to provide standardized clinical recommendations for healthcare professionals managing adults with FD. Methods The guideline development group reviewed existing TCM guidelines and consensus statements, formulated key clinical questions, and systematically searched major Chinese and international databases. Evidence was assessed and graded using the TCM clinical evidence‐grading system. Recommendations were developed by integrating evidence synthesis with a structured consensus process, including Delphi surveys and expert panel meetings. Recommendation direction and strength were determined using a predefined grid‐based voting approach. Results The guideline provides recommendations on diagnostic principles, syndrome differentiation, herbal formulas, Chinese patent medicines, acupuncture and related external therapies, and lifestyle management. Recommendations incorporate available clinical evidence and expert consensus, with evidence levels and recommendation strength specified where applicable. Conclusions This guideline provides evidence‐informed and consensus‐based guidance on TCM management of adult FD. It aims to promote consistency in clinical practice and support appropriate, individualized treatment.