Hepatic metabolic reprogramming after metabolic and bariatric surgery: Gene-nutrition interactions and precision nutrition

Background

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is highly prevalent among individuals with obesity evaluated for metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) and may persist or recur despite substantial postoperative weight loss. This review examines the postoperative state as a dynamic model of hepatic metabolic reprogramming and gene–nutrition interaction, integrating surgical anatomy, dietary intake, nutrient absorption, metabolic response, weight trajectory, and inherited susceptibility.