Mini review on different analytical approaches for quantitative analysis of glycopyrronium and indacaterol in various matrices

Inhaled bronchodilators are crucial for managing the symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a progressive lung condition marked by airflow restriction. Currently, long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) and long-acting β2-agonists (LABAs) are seen to be the most significant drugs for COPD patients. Glycopyrronium (GLY) and indacaterol (IND), a respective LAMAs and LABAs, are co-formulated as a maintenance treatment to help patients with COPD manage their symptoms. When combined, they can provide synergistic effect via their different mechanisms of action. Several analytical techniques have been covered in this study for quantitative analysis of GLY and IND in order to facilitate the way for researchers to obtain literature reviews for their investigations on the medications being discussed. The analytical approaches included high performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, thin layer chromatography, spectroscopic analysis (UV, colorimetry and spectrofluorimetry), and electrochemical techniques. These methods applied for GLY and IND quantification in pharmaceutical formulations and other matrices like human and animal plasma, serum and urine.