Saudi Clinical Practice Guidelines for management of diabetic kidney disease in adults

To develop evidence-based national guidelines incorporating recent advancements in clinical research and therapeutic strategies for the management of patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).

We developed the guidelines using the GRADE methodology and a multidisciplinary expert panel comprising nephrologists, endocrinologists, clinical pharmacists, and methodologists across KSA. We conducted a systematic literature review of studies published between 2014-2024. The evidence certainty was evaluated across 5 domains using GRADEpro and categorized into 4 levels: "high", "moderate", "low", and "very low". Recommendations were formulated based on the benefit-risk ratio, evidence quality, and expert consensus, with a minimum agreement threshold of 70%.