Prevention of cardiovascular diseases in women planning pregnancy and during pregnancy. Expert opinion of the Section of Prevention and Epidemiology of the Polish Cardiac Society, the Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians, the Polish Society of Family Medicine, the Polish Lipid Association, and the Polish Lifestyle Medicine Society

Pregnancy is a period of change in a woman's life and health. Adaptive mechanisms also involve the cardiovascular system. Preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD) before and during pregnancy requires a multifaceted approach, including lifestyle modification, early identification and treatment of risk factors, and comprehensive postpartum care. Key strategies include proper diet, adequate regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, coping with stress, getting adequate sleep, and avoiding smoking. In addition, it is crucial to address pregnancy-related complications such as pregnancy-induced hypertension, which, if not treated properly, is associated with negative consequences for the mother and fetus. Another risk factor is lipid disorders, and their treatment in pregnant women poses a challenge for doctors. In addition to modern treatment of hypertension and lipid disorders in pregnancy, the document presents recommendations for physical activity, a balanced diet depending on comorbidities, and healthy sleep. It also contains important information on the ongoing problem of stimulants during pregnancy. In addition, it emphasizes the importance of mental health care during pregnancy and the possibilities available to family doctors in the context of CVD prevention in this group. The following document, based on current guidelines and expert experience, aims to promote knowledge about the prevention of CVD in women planning to become pregnant and during pregnancy, and to help physicians implement the recommendations in their daily practice.