Practice guideline of influenza vaccination and antiviral drugs use in children(2024 editon)

Influenza is the most common acute respiratory infectious diseases among children in China. The annual seasonal influenza outbreak has a significant impact on children's health, poses a significant disease and socioeconomic burden, and arouses a wide public concern. In recent years, a number of new influenza vaccines and influenza antivirals have been approved for use in children, expanding the choices for prevention and treatment of influenza. Pediatric Infection Group, Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases of Chinese Medical Association and Infection Group, Pediatric Expert Committee of National Health Commission Capacity Building and Continuing Education, and China Clinical Practice Guidelines Alliance Methodology Committee organized a multidisciplinary guideline development group (GDG) consisting of experts in pediatrics, infectious diseases,epidemiologists,health policy,and guideline methodology proposed eight key issues concerning influenza vaccination and antiviral use from a practice perspective. Through research question construction, evidence retrieval and synthesis, evidence appraisal and evidence-to-decision discussion, recommendations and implementation suggestions were formulated. This guideline is intended to provide guidance for pediatricians at different facility levels and healthcare providers engaged in vaccination services,and institutional professionals dealing with prevention and control of infectious diseases.

流行性感冒（流感）是我国儿童最常见的急性呼吸道传染病。每年季节性流感暴发严重危害儿童健康，造成沉重的医疗和社会经济负担，引起公共卫生领域高度关注。近年来我国多种新型流感疫苗和抗流感病毒药物相继获批用于儿童，为儿童的流感预防和治疗提供了更多选择。为了积极推进我国儿童流感疫苗接种和抗病毒药物的规范应用，由中华医学会感染病学分会儿科感染学组、国家卫生健康委能力建设和继续教育儿科专委会感染组、中国临床实践指南联盟方法学专委会牵头组织儿科学、传染病学、流行病学、卫生政策及指南方法学专家组成指南制订小组，以实践为导向，提出8个实践中与儿童流感疫苗接种和抗流感病毒药物临床应用重点问题。经过研究问题构建、证据检索和综合、证据评价以及从证据形成推荐意见讨论，制定推荐意见和实施建议，旨在为各级医疗机构的儿科医师、从事疫苗接种服务的社区医务人员、从事传染病防控的机构专业人员提供指导。.