Clinical practice guidelines for the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza in China (2025 edition)

Influenza is a common acute respiratory infectious disease in China, characterized by pronounced seasonality, rapid transmission, and a high risk of severe illness among high-risk populations. These features pose a substantial threat to public health. Historically, recommendations for influenza treatment and prophylaxis have largely relied on expert consensus in China, with a lack of systematic, evidence-based guidelines. In recent years, accumulating evidence on traditional antiviral agents such as neuraminidase inhibitors, as well as emerging agents targeting RNA polymerase, has expanded therapeutic options for influenza, underscoring the need to systematically update and refine existing treatment recommendations. Accordingly, a multidisciplinary panel of Chinese experts developed the"Clinical practice guidelines for the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza in China (2025 edition)"following established guideline methodology. This guideline focuses on antiviral therapy, adjunctive treatment, and prophylaxis, systematically summarizing and updating treatment indications, drug selection, dosing regimens, duration, and safety management across different populations. Specific recommendations are provided for key groups such as children and pregnant women. The guideline culminates in a series of evidence-based recommendations, providing structured and actionable guidance for the clinical management and prevention of influenza in China.

流感病毒具有季节性流行、传播迅速、易致高危人群发生重症等特点，对人民群众健康构成严重威胁。我国既往关于流感治疗和药物预防的推荐多基于专家共识，缺乏系统的循证医学指南。近年来，除神经氨酸酶抑制剂等传统抗病毒药物外，RNA聚合酶抑制剂等新型抗病毒药物的研究证据不断积累，为流感的临床治疗提供了更多选择，亟需对现有的用药建议进行系统梳理和科学归纳。基于此，我国相关专业领域的多学科专家依循STAR推荐制修订决策框架，制订了本指南。本指南重点围绕流感的抗病毒治疗、辅助治疗和药物预防，系统总结并更新了不同人群的治疗指征、药物选择、给药方案、疗程及安全性管理，特别对儿童、孕产妇等重点人群提出具体建议，并明确了季节性高峰期药物预防和暴露后预防的适用条件与策略，最终形成21条推荐意见，以期为我国流感治疗与药物预防提供了系统性、可操作的循证指导。.