Clinical practice guidelines for the management of influenza in adults with chronic airway diseases

Respiratory infections are the most important trigger of acute exacerbations of chronic airway diseases. As a prevalent pathogen, the influenza virus accounts for a markedly higher proportion of cases during epidemic seasons. Patients with chronic airway diseases constitute a high-risk population for influenza; upon infection, their clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prevention all exhibit distinct characteristics underscoring the urgent need for standardized clinical management. In light of the expanding body of evidence-based research in this field, this guideline addresses 12 critical clinical questions, ranging from influenza prevention and screening to antiviral management, comorbidity care, and the integration of traditional Chinese medicine. By offering 11 targeted recommendations, this document clarifies essential protocols-including annual vaccination indications, pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis, early etiological detection, and the rational application of antibacterials and glucocorticoids-to provide guidance for both general practitioners and respiratory specialists.

呼吸道感染是诱发慢性气道疾病急性加重最重要的原因，而流行性感冒病毒感染作为常见致病原，在流行季节占比显著上升。慢性气道疾病患者作为流行性感冒的高风险人群，一旦感染，其临床表现、诊治和预防均有特殊之处，临床规范化管理需求迫切。近年来，这方面的循证医学证据不断增加，本指南聚焦流感预防、临床识别与筛查、抗感染治疗、基础病协同管理及中医药应用等12个临床核心问题，基于循证医学证据提出11条推荐意见，明确慢性气道疾病患者年度流感疫苗接种指征、流感暴露前/后抗病毒预防、早期病原学检测、规范抗病毒治疗方案、抗菌药物及糖皮质激素合理使用等关键临床要点，旨在为从事慢性气道疾病临床实践的全科、专科医务人员提供指引。.