CIRSE Standards of Practice on Nephrostomy and Ureteric Stent Placement and Exchange

Obstructive uropathy is a very common pathology of the genitourinary system which, if untreated, leads to renal impairment, end-stage renal failure and death. Particularly in the case of acute obstructive uropathy, urgent decompression is necessary to prevent compression-mediated ischaemia of the renal parenchyma and the development of irreversible renal failure. Percutaneous nephrostomy is a well-established and relatively safe image-guided procedure used to obtain access to the renal collecting system and is the procedure of choice for the infected obstructed kidney, minimising the risk of septic shock and possible death. Subsequent internalisation via antegrade ureteric stenting is frequently employed to relieve obstruction at the level of the causative lesion.