What is bias in an epidemiologic study?

Systematic deviation of study results or inferences from the truth arising through study processes. Increasing sample size alone does not correct such a systematic error.

Selection bias Information bias

Defining distinction · Systematic distortion through who enters or remains in the study · Systematic distortion through how participant information is collected or classified

Information bias is a systematic error in obtaining or measuring study data that can distort an estimate or inference; different exposure ascertainment in cases and controls is one example.

Distortion of an exposure-outcome association by a third variable related to both, which is not an intermediate on the exposure's causal pathway. Distinguishing confounders from mediators requires causal reasoning.

Random assignment uses a chance process to allocate enrolled participants to intervention groups. It makes prognostic factors balanced on average, supporting fair comparison, while an individual trial may still have chance baseline imbalances. Random sampling instead selects units from a population.

Epidemiology & Biostatistics — Flashcards — Mazos de tarjetas médicas

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