An integrated climate-structured personal and ambient air pollution monitoring framework embedded within a pregnancy and postpartum cohort in Sub-Saharan Africa

Background

In sub-Saharan Africa, climatic variability intersects with structural inequities-biomass reliance, informal livelihoods, rapid urbanisation, and sparse regulatory monitoring-to generate highly heterogeneous air pollution exposures during pregnancy. Maternal exposure assessment in the region remains dominated by coarse ambient estimates, limiting understanding of how climate and microenvironment jointly shape actual personal exposure through their influence on pollutant generation, dispersion, and proximity to emission sources.