Probiotic modulation of the neonatal gut-lung axis in the regulation of early respiratory function

Introduction

The gut -lung axis represents bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems that contributes to immune regulation and inflammatory homeostasis. This study evaluated the effects of probiotic-conditioned media (PCM) and live probiotics on epithelial barrier function, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function using Caco-2 intestinal epithelial and A549 pulmonary epithelial cell models under inflammatory conditions.