Safety Profiles of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Strategies in Gastrointestinal Cancers and Their Association With Clinical Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are increasingly used in patients with gastrointestinal cancer (GIC). However, ICI-associated adverse event (AE) profiles in GIC remain poorly characterized, and whether AE incidence is associated with clinical outcomes is unclear.

Methods