Streptococcus anginosus extracellular vesicles deliver protein to promote gastric cancer progression

Background

Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Although Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is considered a major etiological factor, only 3% of Hp-infected individuals develop GC, implying additional microbial drivers. Streptococcus anginosus (SA) exhibits independent pro-carcinogenic properties, but its mechanism in regulating GC malignant phenotypes remains elusive. This study investigated the roles and molecular mechanisms of SA-derived extracellular vesicles (SA-EVs) in GC progression.