Effects of different dental local anesthesia techniques on salivary cortisol and secretory immunoglobulin a in pediatric patients: a randomized controlled clinical study

Dental local anesthesia may elicit acute stress-related responses in children. This study compared salivary cortisol and secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) responses to conventional anesthesia, conventional anesthesia following topical anesthesia, jet anesthesia, and computer-controlled local anesthesia delivery system (CCLAD), and examined associations between the biomarkers.