Impacto de las vacunas de ARNm contra la covid-19 en la reserva ovárica: Revisión crítica de la evidencia científica

Ovarian reserve is a key indicator of female reproductive potential, and for this reason, the possible impact of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 on fertility has been under scrutiny. During the pandemic, misinformation amplified concerns about the safety of these vaccines. Scientific evidence shows that the lipid nanoparticles carrying the mRNA are distributed systemically in a transient manner and in low concentrations, without accumulating harmfully in the ovaries. While one study in rats suggested a possible adverse effect, the findings in humans have not supported this conclusion. Clinical studies and metaanalyses have confirmed that there is no significant association between vaccination and the deterioration of ovarian health, measured through markers such as anti-Müllerian hormone and antral follicle count. It's crucial to differentiate the impact of vaccination from that of a natural SARS-CoV-2 infection. Unlike vaccines, natural infection can have a negative effect on ovarian function. Therefore, vaccination protects reproductive health by preventing the potentially harmful effects of the disease. The objective of this review was to analyze the scientific evidence on the impact of mRNA vaccines against COVID19 on ovarian reserve. The underlying biological mechanisms, findings from human and animal model studies, guidelines from international health organizations, and the methodological limitations and biases of current evidence were all examined.