Retinoid

Tretinoin

Approved 23 Dec 2016OralCapsule

The FDA lists this product in 30 strengths and forms.

Indications

Tretinoin capsules are indicated for the induction of remission in adults and pediatric patients 1 year of age and older with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) characterized by the presence of the t(15;17) translocation or PML/RARα gene expression, and who are refractory to or who have relapsed from anthracycline chemotherapy or for whom anthracycline-based chemotherapy is contraindicated. Tretinoin capsules are a retinoid indicated for induction of remission in adults and pediatric patients 1 year of age and older with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), characterized by presence of t(15;17) translocation or presence of PML/RARα gene expression, and who are refractory to or who have relapsed from anthracycline chemotherapy or for whom anthracycline-based chemotherapy is contraindicated.

( 1 )

Contraindications

Tretinoin capsules are contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to tretinoin capsules, any of its components, or other retinoids. Reactions have included rash, pruritus, face edema, and dyspnea. [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 )]. Hypersensitivity to tretinoin, any of its components, or other retinoids ( 4 )

Warnings and precautions

Patients Without t(15;17) Translocation or PML/RARα Fusion : Tretinoin capsules may be initiated based on morphological diagnosis of APL. Confirm diagnosis by detection of the t(15;17) translocation or PML/RARα fusion. ( 5.3 )
Leukocytosis : Consider administering cytoreductive chemotherapy (including an anthracycline if not contraindicated or hydroxyurea) with tretinoin capsules in the setting of leukocytosis, as clinically indicated. ( 5.4 )
Intracranial Hypertension : Tretinoin capsules have been associated with benign intracranial hypertension, especially in pediatric patients. Consider interruption, dose reduction, or discontinuation of tretinoin capsules as appropriate. ( 5.5 )
Lipid Abnormalities : Patients experienced hypercholesterolemia and/or hypertriglyceridemia, which may be reversible upon completion of treatment. Monitor fasting triglycerides and cholesterol at baseline and periodically during treatment. ( 5.6 )
Hepatotoxicity : Monitor liver function test results at baseline and during treatment as clinically indicated. ( 5.7 )
Thromboembolic Events : Venous and arterial events have been reported; these events may occur during the first month of treatment with tretinoin capsules. ( 5.8 , 7.4 )

At a glance

Brand name: Tretinoin
Pharmacologic class: Retinoid
Route: Oral
Dosage form: Capsule
Applicant: Glenmark Pharms LTD
Status: Prescription
FDA approval: 23 Dec 2016
Application: ANDA208279-001

Indications

( 1 )

Contraindications

Warnings and precautions

Patients Without t(15;17) Translocation or PML/RARα Fusion : Tretinoin capsules may be initiated based on morphological diagnosis of APL. Confirm diagnosis by detection of the t(15;17) translocation or PML/RARα fusion. ( 5.3 )
Leukocytosis : Consider administering cytoreductive chemotherapy (including an anthracycline if not contraindicated or hydroxyurea) with tretinoin capsules in the setting of leukocytosis, as clinically indicated. ( 5.4 )
Intracranial Hypertension : Tretinoin capsules have been associated with benign intracranial hypertension, especially in pediatric patients. Consider interruption, dose reduction, or discontinuation of tretinoin capsules as appropriate. ( 5.5 )
Lipid Abnormalities : Patients experienced hypercholesterolemia and/or hypertriglyceridemia, which may be reversible upon completion of treatment. Monitor fasting triglycerides and cholesterol at baseline and periodically during treatment. ( 5.6 )
Hepatotoxicity : Monitor liver function test results at baseline and during treatment as clinically indicated. ( 5.7 )
Thromboembolic Events : Venous and arterial events have been reported; these events may occur during the first month of treatment with tretinoin capsules. ( 5.8 , 7.4 )

Interactions

Strong CYP3A Inhibitors and Inducers: Avoid coadministration with strong CYP3A inhibitors and inducers. ( 7.1 )
Concomitant Use of Products Known to Cause Intracranial Hypertension : Avoid concomitant use with other products that can cause intracranial hypertension. ( 7.2 )
Vitamin A : Avoid concomitant use with vitamin A. ( 7.3 )
Anti-fibrinolytic Agents : Avoid concomitant use with anti-fibrinolytic agents. ( 7.4 )

7.1Effects of Other Drugs on Tretinoin Capsules Strong

or moderate CYP3A Inhibitors Avoid concomitant use of tretinoin capsules with strong CYP3A inhibitors if possible and monitor more frequently if concomitant use is unavoidable. Monitor patients taking moderate CYP3A inhibitors concomitantly with tretinoin capsules more frequently for adverse reactions. Tretinoin is a CYP3A substrate . Concomitant use with a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor increases tretinoin plasma concentrations, which may increase the risk of adverse reactions [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )] .

Strong CYP3A Inducers Concomitant use of tretinoin capsules with strong CYP3A4 inducers may decrease tretinoin plasma concentrations, which may reduce its efficacy. Avoid concomitant use with strong CYP3A inducers if possible.

7.2Concomitant Use of Products Known to Cause Intracranial Hypertension

Intracranial hypertension has been reported in patients who received tretinoin capsules and concomitant use of other products that can cause intracranial hypertension, such as tetracyclines, may increase the risk. Avoid concomitant use of tretinoin capsules with other products agents that can cause intracranial hypertension [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 )] .

7.3 Vitamin A The concomitant use of vitamin A with tretinoin capsules may lead to vitamin A related adverse reactions. Avoid concomitant use of tretinoin capsules with vitamin A.

7.4Anti-fibrinolytic Agents

Fatal thrombotic complications have been reported in patients who have received tretinoin capsules and concomitant use of anti-fibrinolytic agents may increase the risk. Avoid concomitant use of tretinoin capsules with anti-fibrinolytic agents [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.8 )].

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

8.1Pregnancy Risk Summary Based

on findings in animals and its mechanism of action [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.1 )], tretinoin capsules can cause embryo-fetal loss and malformations when administered to a pregnant woman. Tretinoin capsules are a retinoid and there is an increased risk of major congenital malformations, spontaneous abortions and premature births following exposure to retinoids during pregnancy in humans. Tretinoin was teratogenic and embryotoxic in mice, rats, hamsters, rabbits and pigtail monkeys at doses less than the human dose on a mg/m 2 basis (see Data) .

Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population(s) is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.

Data Human Data Tretinoin capsules are a retinoid and increased spontaneous abortions and major fetal abnormalities related to the use of retinoids have been documented in humans. Reported malformations include abnormalities of the central nervous system, musculoskeletal system, external ear, eye, thymus and great vessels; and facial dysmorphia, cleft palate, and parathyroid hormone deficiency. Some of these abnormalities were fatal.

IQ scores less than 85, with or without obvious CNS abnormalities, have been reported in pediatrics exposed to retinoids in utero. Animal Data Tretinoin causes fetal resorptions and a decrease in live fetuses in all animals studied. Gross external, soft tissue and skeletal alterations occurred at doses higher than 0.7 mg/kg/day in mice, 2 mg/kg/day in rats, 7 mg/kg/day in hamsters, and at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day, the only dose tested, in pigtail monkeys (about 1/20, 1/4, and 1/2 and 4 times the human dose, respectively, on a mg/m 2 basis).

Adverse reactions

The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling:

Differentiation Syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )]
Leukocytosis [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )]
Intracranial hypertension [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 )]
Lipid abnormalities [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 )]
Hepatotoxicity [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 )]
Thromboembolic events [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.8 )] The most common adverse reactions (≥30%) are headache, fever, skin/mucous membrane dryness, bone pain, malaise, shivering, upper respiratory tract disorders, dyspnea, hemorrhage, infections, nausea/vomiting, rash, peripheral edema, leukocytosis, pain, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, chest discomfort, abdominal pain ( 6.1 ). To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Inc., USA at 1 (888) 721-7115 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

6.1Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia The safety of tretinoin capsules was evaluated in patients with APL who received tretinoin capsules at a dose of 22.5 mg/m 2 orally twice daily [see Clinical Studies ( 14 )] .

The most common adverse reactions (≥30%) were headache, fever, skin/mucous membrane dryness, bone pain, malaise, shivering, upper respiratory tract disorders, dyspnea, hemorrhage, infections, nausea/vomiting, rash, peripheral edema, leukocytosis, pain, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, chest discomfort, abdominal pain. Table 1 summarizes the adverse reactions for patients with APL. Table 1. Adverse Reactions (≥ 10%) Occurring in Patients with APL Who Received Tretinoin Capsules Adverse Reaction Tretinoin Capsules All Grades (%) Nervous system disorders Headache 86 Dizziness 20 Paresthesias 17 Anxiety 17 Insomnia 14 Depression 14 Confusion 11 General disorders Fever 83 Skin/mucous membrane dryness 77 Malaise 66 Shivering 63 Peripheral edema 52 Pain 37 Chest discomfort 32 Edema 29 Mucositis 26 Weight increase 23 Anorexia 17 Weight decrease 17 Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders Bone pain 77 Myalgia 14 Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders Upper respiratory tract disorders 63 Dyspnea 60 Respiratory insufficiency 26 Pleural effusion 20 Rales 14 Expiratory wheezing 14 Pneumonia 14 Vascular disorders Hemorrhage 60 Gastrointestinal hemorrhage 34 Flushing 23 Hypotension 14 Hypertension 11 Phlebitis 11 Infections and infestations Infections 58 Gastrointestinal disorders Nausea/vomiting 57 Abdominal pain 31 Other gastrointestinal disorders 26 Diarrhea 23 Constipation 17 Dyspepsia 14 Abdominal distention 11 Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders Rash 54 Pruritus 20 Increased sweating 20 Alopecia 14 Skin changes 14 Blood and lymphatic system disorders Leukocytosis 49 Differentiation syndrome 1 26 Disseminated intravascular coagulation 26 Ear and labyrinth disorders Earache or feeling of fullness in the ears 23 Cardiac disorders Arrhythmias 23 Eye disorders Visual disturbances 17 Ocular disorders 17 Renal and urinary disorders Renal insufficiency 11 1 Differentiation syndrome can be associated with other commonly reported events such as fever, leukocytosis, dyspnea, pneumonia, pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, hypotension, edema, weight gain, and renal failure.

Adverse reactions that occurred in <10% of patients who received tretinoin capsules include:

Hepatobiliary disorders: Hepatosplenomegaly (9%), hepatitis (3%), unspecified liver disorder (3%).
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: Flank pain (9%), bone inflammation (3%).
Nervous system disorders: Agitation (9%), cerebral hemorrhage (9%), intracranial hypertension (9%), hallucination (6%), abnormal gait, agnosia, aphasia, asterixis, cerebellar edema, cerebellar disorders, convulsions, coma, CNS depression, dysarthria, encephalopathy, facial paralysis, hemiplegia, hyporeflexia, hypotaxia, no light reflex, neurologic reaction, spinal cord disorder, stroke, tremor, leg weakness, unconsciousness, dementia, forgetfulness, somnolence, and slow speech (3% each).
Renal and urinary disorders: Dysuria (9%), acute renal failure, micturition frequency, renal tubular necrosis, and enlarged prostate (3% each).
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: Lower respiratory tract disorders (9%), pulmonary infiltration (6%), bronchial asthma, pulmonary edema, larynx edema, and unspecified pulmonary disease (3% each).
Infections and infestations: Cellulitis (8%).
Blood and lymphatic system disorders: Lymph disorders (6%).
Cardiovascular disorders: Cardiac failure (6%), cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, enlarged heart, heart murmur, myocarditis, pericarditis, and secondary cardiomyopathy (3% each).
Ear and labyrinth disorders: Hearing loss and other unspecified auricular disorders (6%), irreversible hearing loss (<1%).
General disorders: Face edema (6%), pallor (6%), hypothermia (3%).
Metabolism and nutrition disorders: Fluid imbalance (6%), acidosis (3%).
Eye disorders: Changed visual acuity (6%), visual field defects (3%).
Gastrointestinal disorders: Ascites, ulcer (3% each).
Vascular disorders: Ischemia and pulmonary hypertension (3% each).

6.2Postmarketing Experience

Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Erythema nodosum, basophilia and hyperhistaminemia, Sweet’s Syndrome, organomegaly, hypercalcemia, pancreatitis, myositis, thrombosis (both venous and arterial), thrombocytosis, genital ulceration and vasculitis, predominantly involving the skin.

Tretinoin

Indications

Contraindications

Warnings and precautions

At a glance

Two medicines in one question?

Tretinoin

Indications

Contraindications

Warnings and precautions

At a glance

Two medicines in one question?

5.1Embryo-Fetal Toxicity

5.2Differentiation Syndrome Differentiation

5.3Patients

5.4Leukocytosis

5.5Intracranial Hypertension

5.6Lipid Abnormalities

5.7Hepatotoxicity

5.8Thromboembolic Events Venous

Interactions

7.1Effects of Other Drugs on Tretinoin Capsules Strong

7.2Concomitant Use of Products Known to Cause Intracranial Hypertension

7.4Anti-fibrinolytic Agents

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

8.1Pregnancy Risk Summary Based

Adverse reactions

6.1Clinical Trials Experience

6.2Postmarketing Experience

Composition

Strengths and forms

Official product information