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Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor

Trandolapril

Approved 12 Jun 2007OralTablet

The FDA lists this product in 30 strengths and forms.

Indications

Hypertension Trandolapril tablets USP are indicated for the treatment of hypertension. They may be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive medication such as hydrochlorothiazide. Heart Failure Post Myocardial Infarction or Left-Ventricular Dysfunction Post Myocardial Infarction Trandolapril tablets USP are indicated in stable patients who have evidence of left-ventricular systolic dysfunction (identified by wall motion abnormalities) or who are symptomatic from congestive heart failure within the first few days after sustaining acute myocardial infarction.

Administration of trandolapril to Caucasian patients has been shown to decrease the risk of death (principally cardiovascular death) and to decrease the risk of heart failure-related hospitalization (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY -Heart Failure or Left-Ventricular Dysfunction Post Myocardial Infarction for details of the survival trial).

Contraindications

Trandolapril tablets are contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to this product, in patients with hereditary/idiopathic angioedema and in patients with a history of angioedema related to previous treatment with an ACE inhibitor. Do not co-administer aliskiren with trandolapril in patients with diabetes (see PRECAUTIONS, Drug Interactions ). Trandolapril tablets are contraindicated in combination with a neprilysin inhibitor (e.g., sacubitril).

Do not administer trandolapril tablets within 36 hours of switching to or from sacubitril/valsartan, a neprilysin inhibitor (see WARNINGS ).

Warnings and precautions

Anaphylactoid and Possibly Related Reactions Presumably because angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors affect the metabolism of eicosanoids and polypeptides, including endogenous bradykinin, patients receiving ACE inhibitors, including trandolapril, may be subject to a variety of adverse reactions, some of them serious. Anaphylactoid Reactions During Desensitization Two patients undergoing desensitizing treatment with hymenoptera venom while receiving ACE inhibitors sustained life-threatening anaphylactoid reactions.

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Interactions

Drug Interactions Dual Blockade of the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) Dual blockade of the RAS with angiotensin receptor blockers, ACE inhibitors, or aliskiren is associated with increased risks of hypotension, hyperkalemia, and changes in renal function (including acute renal failure) compared to monotherapy. Most patients receiving the combination of two RAS inhibitors do not obtain any additional benefit compared to monotherapy.

In general, avoid combined use of RAS inhibitors. Closely monitor blood pressure, renal function and electrolytes in patients on trandolapril and other agents that affect the RAS. Do not co-administer aliskiren with trandolapril in patients with diabetes. Avoid use of aliskiren with trandolapril in patients with renal impairment (GFR <60 mL/min). Concomitant Diuretic Therapy As with other ACE inhibitors, patients on diuretics, especially those on recently instituted diuretic therapy, may experience an excessive reduction of blood pressure after initiation of therapy with trandolapril.

The possibility of exacerbation of hypotensive effects with trandolapril may be minimized by either discontinuing the diuretic or cautiously increasing salt intake prior to initiation of treatment with trandolapril. If it is not possible to discontinue the diuretic, the starting dose of trandolapril should be reduced. (See DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION . ) Agents Increasing Serum Potassium Trandolapril can attenuate potassium loss caused by thiazide diuretics and increase serum potassium when used alone.

Use of potassium-sparing diuretics (spironolactone, triamterene, or amiloride), potassium supplements, or potassium-containing salt substitutes concomitantly with ACE inhibitors can increase the risk of hyperkalemia. If concomitant use of such agents is indicated, they should be used with caution and with appropriate monitoring of serum potassium. (See PRECAUTIONS . ) Antidiabetic Agents Concomitant use of ACE inhibitors and antidiabetic medicines (insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents) may cause an increased blood glucose lowering effect with greater risk of hypoglycemia.

Lithium Increased serum lithium levels and symptoms of lithium toxicity have been reported in patients receiving concomitant lithium and ACE inhibitor therapy. These drugs should be coadministered with caution, and frequent monitoring of serum lithium levels is recommended. If a diuretic is also used, the risk of lithium toxicity may be increased. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents including Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors (COX-2 Inhibitors) In patients who are elderly, volume-depleted (including those on diuretic therapy), or with compromised renal function, co-administration of NSAIDs, including selective COX-2 inhibitors, with ACE inhibitors, including trandolapril, may result in deterioration of renal function, including possible acute renal failure.

These effects are usually reversible. Monitor renal function periodically in patients receiving trandolapril and NSAID therapy. The antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors, including trandolapril may be attenuated by NSAIDs. Gold Nitritoid reactions (symptoms include facial flushing, nausea, vomiting and hypotension) have been reported rarely in patients on therapy with injectable gold (sodium aurothiomalate) and concomitant ACE inhibitor therapy including trandolapril.

Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Inhibitors Patients taking concomitant mTOR inhibitor (e.g., temsirolimus, sirolimus, everolimus) therapy may be at increased risk for angioedema (see Warnings – Head and Neck Angioedema). Neprilysin Inhibitor Patients taking concomitant neprilysin inhibitors (e.g., sacubitril) may be at increased risk for angioedema (see WARNINGS ). Other No clinically significant pharmacokinetic interaction has been found between trandolaprilat and food, cimetidine, digoxin, or furosemide.

The anticoagulant effect of warfarin was not significantly changed by trandolapril. The hypotensive effect of certain inhalation anesthetics may be enhanced by ACE inhibitors including trandolapril. (See PRECAUTIONS-Surgery/Anesthesia . )

Adverse reactions

The safety experience in U.S. placebo-controlled trials included 1069 hypertensive patients, of whom 832 received trandolapril. Nearly 200 hypertensive patients received trandolapril for over one year in open-label trials. In controlled trials, withdrawals for adverse events were 2.1% on placebo and 1.4% on trandolapril. Adverse events considered at least possibly related to treatment occurring in 1% of trandolapril-treated patients and more common on trandolapril than placebo, pooled for all doses, are shown below, together with the frequency of discontinuation of treatment because of these events.

ADVERSE EVENTS IN PLACEBO-CONTROLLED HYPERTENSION TRIALS Occurring at 1% or greater TRANDOLAPRIL (N=832) % Incidence (% Discontinuance) PLACEBO (N=237) % Incidence (% Discontinuance) Cough 1.9 (0.1) 0.4 (0.4) Dizziness 1.3 (0.2) 0.4 (0.4) Diarrhea 1 (0) 0.4 (0) Headache and fatigue were all seen in more than 1% of trandolapril-treated patients but were more frequently seen on placebo. Adverse events were not usually persistent or difficult to manage.

Left Ventricular Dysfunction Post Myocardial Infarction Adverse reactions related to trandolapril occurring at a rate greater than that observed in placebo-treated patients with left ventricular dysfunction, are shown below. The incidences represent the experiences from the TRACE study. The follow-up time was between 24 and 50 months for this study. Percentage of Patients with Adverse Events Greater Than Placebo Placebo-Controlled (TRACE) Mortality Study Adverse Event Trandolapril N=876 Placebo N=873 Cough 35 22 Dizziness 23 17 Hypotension 11

6.8 Elevated serum uric acid 15 13 Elevated BUN 9

7.6 PICA or CABG 7.3

6.1 Dyspepsia 6.4 6 Syncope 5.9

3.3 Hyperkalemia 5.3

2.8 Bradycardia 4.7

4.4 Hypocalcemia 4.7

3.9 Myalgia 4.7

3.1 Elevated creatinine 4.7

2.4 Gastritis 4.2

3.6 Cardiogenic shock 3.8 < 2 Intermittent claudication 3.8 < 2 Stroke 3.3

3.2 Asthenia 3.3

2.6 Clinical adverse experiences possibly or probably related or of uncertain relationship to therapy occurring in 0.3% to 1% (except as noted) of the patients treated with trandolapril (with or without concomitant calcium ion antagonist or diuretic) in controlled or uncontrolled trials (N=1134) and less frequent, clinically significant events seen in clinical trials or post-marketing experience include (listed by body system): General Body Function Chest pain.

Cardiovascular AV first degree block, bradycardia, edema, flushing, and palpitations. Central Nervous System Drowsiness, insomnia, paresthesia, vertigo. Dermatologic Pruritus, rash, pemphigus. Eye, Ear, Nose, Throat Epistaxis, throat inflammation, upper respiratory tract infection. Emotional, Mental, Sexual States Anxiety, impotence, decreased libido. Gastrointestinal Abdominal distention, abdominal pain/cramps, constipation, dyspepsia, diarrhea, vomiting, nausea.

Hemopoietic Decreased leukocytes, decreased neutrophils. Metabolism and Endocrine Increased liver enzymes including SGPT (ALT). Musculoskeletal System Extremity pain, muscle cramps, gout. Pulmonary Dyspnea. Postmarketing The following adverse reactions were identified during post approval use of trandolapril. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

General Body Function Malaise, fever. Cardiovascular Myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia, angina pectoris, cardiac failure, ventricular tachycardia, tachycardia, transient ischemic attack, arrhythmia. Central Nervous System Cerebral hemorrhage. Dermatologic Alopecia, sweating, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Emotional, Mental, Sexual States Hallucination, depression. Gastrointestinal Dry mouth, pancreatitis, jaundice and hepatitis.

Hemopoietic Agranulocytosis, pancytopenia. Metabolism and Endocrine Increased SGOT (AST). Pulmonary Bronchitis. Renal and Urinary Renal failure. Clinical Laboratory Test Findings Hematology Thrombocytopenia. Serum Electrolytes Hyponatremia. Creatinine and Blood Urea Nitrogen Increases in creatinine levels occurred in 1.1% of patients receiving trandolapril alone and 7.3% of patients treated with trandolapril, a calcium ion antagonist and a diuretic.

Increases in blood urea nitrogen levels occurred in 0.6% of patients receiving trandolapril alone and 1.4% of patients receiving trandolapril, a calcium ion antagonist, and a diuretic. None of these increases required discontinuation of treatment. Increases in these laboratory values are more likely to occur in patients with renal insufficiency or those pretreated with a diuretic and, based on experience with other ACE inhibitors, would be expected to be especially likely in patients with renal artery stenosis.

(See PRECAUTIONS and WARNINGS . ) Liver Function Tests Occasional elevation of transaminases at the rate of 3X upper normals occurred in 0.8% of patients and persistent increase in bilirubin occurred in 0.2% of patients. Discontinuation for elevated liver enzymes occurred in 0.2% of patients. Other Another potentially important adverse experience, eosinophilic pneumonitis, has been attributed to other ACE inhibitors.

Trandolapril

Indications

Contraindications

Warnings and precautions

Two medicines in one question?

Interactions

Adverse reactions

Composition

Strengths and forms

Official product information

At a glance

Guidelines