6.1Clinical Trials Experience Adult Patients
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The following listing shows adverse reactions based upon clinical trials with OPTIRAY (ioversol) in 4,187 patients. Adverse reactions are listed by organ system according to clinical importance.
More severe reactions are listed before others in a system regardless of incidence. The most common reaction is nausea, occurring at a rate of 1 percent. Cardiac disorders Cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, atrioventricular block complete, atrioventricular block, nodal rhythm, bradycardia, angina pectoris, palpitations Ear and labyrinth disorders Vertigo, tinnitus Eye disorders Vision blurred, periorbital edema, conjunctivitis Gastrointestinal disorders Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dysphagia, dry mouth General disorders and administration site conditions Chest pain, pain, injection site pain, injection site hematoma, extravasation, pyrexia, swelling, asthenia, malaise, fatigue, chills Infections and infestations Rhinitis Injury, poisoning, and procedural complications Heart injury, vascular pseudoaneurysm Investigations Electrocardiogram ST segment depression, blood pressure decreased Metabolism and nutrition disorders Acidosis Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders Muscular weakness, muscle spasms, back pain Nervous system disorders Cerebral infarction, aphasia, tremor, dizziness, presyncope, headache, paraesthesia, dysgeusia Psychiatric disorders Hallucination, visual hallucination, disorientation, anxiety Renal and urinary disorders Urinary retention, renal pain, polyuria Respiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal disorders Laryngeal edema, hypoxia, pulmonary edema, dyspnea, hyperventilation, cough, sneezing, nasal congestion Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders Urticaria, rash, pruritus, swelling face, hyperhidrosis, erythema Vascular disorders Hypertension, hypotension, arterial spasm, vasospasm, vasodilation, flushing Pediatric Patients In clinical studies involving 311 patients for pediatric angiocardiography, contrast enhanced computed tomographic imaging of the head and body, and intravenous excretory urography; 6% of patients reported an adverse reaction, with the most common adverse reactions being nausea and fever.
Adverse reactions reported were similar in quality and frequency to the adverse events reported by adults.
6.2Postmarketing Experience
The following additional adverse drug reactions have been reported during post-approval use of OPTIRAY. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Cardiac disorders: coronary artery spasm, cyanosis, arrhythmia (ventricular fibrillation, tachycardia, extrasystole), ECG abnormal.
Endocrine disorders: hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism. Eye disorders: temporary blindness, conjunctivitis (including eye irritation, ocular hyperemia, watery eyes). Gastrointestinal disorders: tongue edema, salivary hypersecretion. General disorders and administration site conditions: injection site reactions including pain, hemorrhage, and necrosis especially after extravasation [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 )] , face edema, feeling hot.
Immune system disorders: hypersensitivity reactions including fatal anaphylactic shock. Nervous system disorders: seizure, loss of consciousness, somnolence, hypoesthesia, dyskinesia, amnesia. Respiratory disorders: Respiratory arrest, asthma, bronchospasm, laryngeal spasm and obstruction, throat irritation, dysphonia. Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Reactions range from mild (e.g. rash, erythema, pruritus, urticaria, and skin discoloration) to severe: [e.g.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN)], acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Vascular Disorders: phlebitis, thrombosis.
