Benzodiazepine

Nayzilam

Approved 17 May 2019NasalSpray

Indications

NAYZILAM is indicated for the acute treatment of intermittent, stereotypic episodes of frequent seizure activity (i.e., seizure clusters, acute repetitive seizures) that are distinct from a patient's usual seizure pattern in patients with epilepsy 12 years of age and older. NAYZILAM is a benzodiazepine indicated for the acute treatment of intermittent, stereotypic episodes of frequent seizure activity (i.e., seizure clusters, acute repetitive seizures) that are distinct from a patient's usual seizure pattern in patients with epilepsy 12 years of age and older.

( 1 )

Contraindications

NAYZILAM is contraindicated in patients with: Known hypersensitivity to midazolam. Acute narrow-angle glaucoma [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ]. Patients with hypersensitivity to midazolam ( 4 ) Patients with acute narrow-angle glaucoma ( 4 )

Warnings and precautions

CNS Depression From Concomitant Use With Other CNS Depressants or Moderate or Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors : May cause an increased CNS-depressant effect when used with alcohol or other CNS depressants. Concomitant use with moderate or strong CYP3A4 inhibitors may result in prolonged sedation because of a decrease in plasma clearance of midazolam. ( 5.5 , 7.3 ) Suicidal Behavior and Ideation: Antiepileptic drugs increase the risk of suicidal ideation and behavior.

( 5.6 ) Impaired Cognitive Function: Midazolam is associated with a high incidence of partial or complete impairment of recall for the next several hours. ( 5.7 ) Glaucoma: NAYZILAM can increase intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma. Patients with open-angle glaucoma may need to have their ophthalmologic status evaluated following treatment with NAYZILAM. ( 5.8 ) Neonatal Sedation and Withdrawal Syndrome: NAYZILAM use during pregnancy can result in neonatal sedation and/or neonatal withdrawal.

( 5.9 , 8.1 )

5.1Risks from Concomitant Use with Opioids

Concomitant use of benzodiazepines, including NAYZILAM, and opioids may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. Because of these risks, reserve concomitant prescribing of benzodiazepines and opioids for patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. Observational studies have demonstrated that concomitant use of opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines increases the risk of drug-related mortality compared to use of opioids alone.

Interactions

Table 3: Clinically Significant Drug Interactions With NAYZILAM

7.1CYP3A4 Inhibitors Clinical Impact:

Concomitant use of CYP3A4 inhibitors may result in prolonged sedation because of a decrease in plasma clearance of midazolam. Intervention: Avoid co-administration of NAYZILAM with moderate or strong CYP3A4 inhibitors. NAYZILAM should be used with caution when co-administered with mild CYP3A4 inhibitors. Examples: Moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors: erythromycin, diltiazem, verapamil Strong CYP3A4 inhibitors: ketoconazole, itraconazole, clarithromycin

7.2Opioids Clinical Impact:

The concomitant use of benzodiazepines and opioids increases the risk of respiratory depression because of actions at different receptor sites in the CNS that control respiration. Benzodiazepines interact at GABA A sites and opioids interact primarily at mu receptors. When benzodiazepines and opioids are combined, the potential for benzodiazepines to significantly worsen opioid-related respiratory depression exists. Intervention: Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate.

Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ]. Examples: Morphine, hydrocodone, oxymorphone, codeine, fentanyl

7.3Other Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants Clinical Impact:

Concomitant use of barbiturates, alcohol, or other CNS depressants may increase the risk of hypoventilation, airway obstruction, desaturation, or apnea and may contribute to profound and/or prolonged drug effect. Intervention: Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] .

Examples: Other benzodiazepines and sedatives/hypnotics, anxiolytics, tranquilizers, muscle relaxants, general anesthetics, antipsychotics, opioids, alcohol. CYP3A4 Inhibitors : Avoid co-administration of NAYZILAM with moderate or strong CYP3A4 inhibitors. NAYZILAM should be used with caution when co-administered with mild CYP3A4 inhibitors. ( 7.1 ) Opioids : Risk of respiratory depression is increased. ( 7.2 ) Other CNS Depressants : May increase the risks of hypoventilation, airway obstruction, desaturation, or apnea and may contribute to profound and/or prolonged drug effect.

( 7.3 )

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

8.1Pregnancy Pregnancy Exposure Registry

There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), such as NAYZILAM, during pregnancy. Healthcare providers are encouraged to recommend that pregnant women who are taking NAYZILAM during pregnancy enroll in the North American Antiepileptic Drug (NAAED) pregnancy registry by calling 1-888-233-2334 or visiting http://www.aedpregnancyregistry.org/. Risk Summary Neonates born to mothers using benzodiazepines late in pregnancy have been reported to experience symptoms of sedation and/or neonatal withdrawal [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) and Clinical Considerations ].

Available data from published observational studies of pregnant women exposed to benzodiazepines do not report a clear association with benzodiazepines and major birth defects (see Data ). Administration of midazolam to rats and rabbits during the period of organogenesis or to rats during late pregnancy and throughout lactation at doses greater than those used clinically did not result in any apparent adverse effects on development (see Animal Data ).

However, published data for midazolam and other benzodiazepines suggest the possibility of neuronal cell death and long-term effects on neurobehavioral and immunological function in animals following prenatal or early postnatal exposure at clinically relevant doses. The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes.

In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Fetal/Neonatal Adverse Reactions Benzodiazepines cross the placenta and may produce respiratory depression, hypotonia, and sedation in neonates. Monitor neonates exposed to NAYZILAM during pregnancy or labor for signs of sedation, respiratory depression, hypotonia, and feeding problems.

Monitor neonates exposed to NAYZILAM during pregnancy for signs of withdrawal. Manage these neonates accordingly [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) ] . Data Human Data Published data from observational studies on the use of benzodiazepines during pregnancy do not report a clear association with benzodiazepines and major birth defects. Although early studies reported an increased risk of congenital malformations with diazepam and chlordiazepoxide, there was no consistent pattern noted.

In addition, the majority of more recent case-control and cohort studies of benzodiazepine use during pregnancy, which were adjusted for confounding exposures to alcohol, tobacco and other medications, have not confirmed these findings. Animal Data When midazolam (0, 0.2, 1, or 4 mg/kg/day) was administered intravenously to pregnant rats during the period of organogenesis, no adverse effects on embryofetal development were observed.

The highest dose tested, which was associated with minimal evidence of maternal toxicity, is approximately 4 times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 10 mg based on body surface area (mg/m 2 ). When midazolam (0, 0.2, 0.6, and 2 mg/kg/day) was administered intravenously to rabbits during the period of organogenesis, no adverse effects on embryofetal development were reported. The high dose, which was not associated with evidence of maternal toxicity, is approximately 4 times the MRHD on a mg/m 2 basis.

When midazolam (0, 0.2, 1, or 4 mg/kg/day) was administered intravenously to female rats during late gestation and throughout lactation, no clear adverse effects were noted in the offspring. The high dose, which was not associated with evidence of maternal toxicity, is approximately 4 times the MRHD on a mg/m 2 basis. In published animal studies, administration of benzodiazepines, including midazolam, or other drugs that enhance GABAergic neurotransmission to neonatal rats has been reported to result in widespread apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing brain at plasma concentrations relevant for seizure control in humans.

The window of vulnerability to these changes in rats (postnatal days 0-14) includes a period of brain development corresponding to that taking place during the third trimester of pregnancy in humans.

Adverse reactions

The following serious adverse reactions are discussed in more detail in other sections of the labeling: Risks from Concomitant Use with Opioids [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] Abuse, Misuse, and Addiction [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Dependence and Withdrawal Reactions After Use of NAYZILAM More Frequently Than Recommended [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Risks of Cardiorespiratory Adverse Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] CNS Depression from Concomitant Use with Other CNS Depressants or Moderate or Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] Suicidal Behavior and Ideation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] Impaired Cognitive Function [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] Glaucoma [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ] Neonatal Sedation and Withdrawal Syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) ] Other Adverse Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10) ] The most common adverse reactions (≥5% in any NAYZILAM treatment group) were somnolence, headache, nasal discomfort, throat irritation, and rhinorrhea ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact UCB, Inc. at 1-844-599-2273 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

6.1Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice. NAYZILAM was studied for the outpatient treatment of a single seizure cluster in 292 adult and adolescent patients with epilepsy (Study 1) [see Clinical Studies (14) ] .

The study was conducted in two phases; an open-label Test Dose Phase followed by a double-blind, placebo-controlled, Comparative Phase. The mean age of patients enrolled in the Comparative Phase (N=201) was 33 years, 51% were female, and 95% were White. Table 2 lists the adverse reactions occurring in 2% or more of the NAYZILAM-treated patients and at a rate greater than the placebo-treated patients in the Comparative Phase of Study 1.

Table 2: Adverse Reactions Adverse reactions that occurred within 2 days after NAYZILAM administration are included that Occurred in ≥2% of Patients (Any NAYZILAM) and Greater than Placebo in the Comparative Phase of Study 1 Body System/Adverse Reaction Placebo NAYZILAM Patients in Study 1 were permitted to take a second, open-label dose of NAYZILAM 5 mg between 10 minutes and 6 hours following the initial blinded dose of NAYZILAM 5 mg or placebo if they experience seizure recurrence or an incomplete resolution of the episode.

The Placebo + NAYZILAM 5 mg and NAYZILAM 5 mg + 5 mg columns represent patients who received a second dose of NAYZILAM 5 mg and received a blinded initial dose of placebo or NAYZILAM 5 mg, respectively. NAYZILAM 5 mg Placebo + NAYZILAM 5 mg NAYZILAM 5 mg + 5 mg Any NAYZILAM Treatment Group N = 26 % N = 91 % N = 41 % N = 43 % N = 175 % Nervous System Somnolence 4 10 10 9 10 Headache 0 7 0 2 4 Dysarthria 0 2 2 2 2 Application Site Nasal Discomfort 8 5 7 16 9 Throat Irritation 0 2 2 7 3 Rhinorrhea 0 3 0 5 3 Product Taste Abnormal 0 4 0 0 2 Eye Disorders Lacrimation Increased 0 1 2 2 2 For patients who experienced a decrease in peripheral oxygen saturation in the Test Dose Phase of Study 1, the decreases were generally transitory.

Two patients (one with a history of sleep apnea and one with intercurrent seizure) with decreases in peripheral oxygen saturation in the Test Dose Phase required therapeutic supplemental oxygen.

Nayzilam

Indications

Contraindications

Warnings and precautions

5.1Risks from Concomitant Use with Opioids

Two medicines in one question?

5.2Abuse, Misuse, and Addiction

5.3Dependence and Withdrawal Reactions After Use of

5.4Risks of Cardiorespiratory Adverse Reactions

5.6Suicidal Behavior and Ideation

Interactions

7.1CYP3A4 Inhibitors Clinical Impact:

7.2Opioids Clinical Impact:

7.3Other Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants Clinical Impact:

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

8.1Pregnancy Pregnancy Exposure Registry

Adverse reactions

6.1Clinical Trials Experience

Composition

Official product information

At a glance

Guidelines