alpha-Adrenergic Agonist

Epinephrine (Autoinjector)

Approved 16 Aug 2018Intramuscular, SubcutaneousInjectable

The FDA lists this product in 2 strengths and forms.

Indications

Epinephrine Injection, 0.3 mg and Epinephrine Injection, 0.15 mg are indicated in the emergency treatment of allergic reactions (Type I) including anaphylaxis to stinging insects (e.g., order Hymenoptera, which include bees, wasps, hornets, yellow jackets and fire ants) and biting insects (e.g., triatoma, mosquitoes), allergen immunotherapy, foods, drugs, diagnostic testing substances (e.g., radiocontrast media) and other allergens, as well as idiopathic anaphylaxis or exercise-induced anaphylaxis.

Epinephrine Injection, 0.3 mg and Epinephrine Injection, 0.15 mg are intended for immediate administration in patients who are determined to be at increased risk for anaphylaxis, including individuals with a history of anaphylactic reactions. Anaphylactic reactions may occur within minutes after exposure and consist of flushing, apprehension, syncope, tachycardia, thready or unobtainable pulse associated with a fall in blood pressure, convulsions, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal cramps, involuntary voiding, wheezing, dyspnea due to laryngeal spasm, pruritus, rashes, urticaria or angioedema.

Epinephrine Injection, 0.3 mg and Epinephrine Injection, 0.15 mg are intended for immediate administration as emergency supportive therapy only and are not a substitute for immediate medical care. Epinephrine Injection, 0.3 mg and Epinephrine Injection, 0.15 mg contain epinephrine, are non-selective alpha and beta-adrenergic receptor agonist indicated in the emergency treatment of allergic reactions (Type I) including anaphylaxis.

( 1 )

Contraindications

None None ( 4 )

Warnings and precautions

In conjunction with use, seek immediate medical or hospital care. ( 5.1 ) Do not inject intravenously, into buttock, or into digits, hands, or feet. ( 5.2 ) To minimize the risk of injection related injury, hold the child’s leg firmly in place and limit movement prior to and during injection when administering to young children. ( 5.2) Rare cases of serious skin and soft tissue infections have been reported following epinephrine injection.

Indications

( 1 )

Warnings and precautions

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

8.1Pregnancy Risk Summary

There are no adequate and well controlled studies of the acute effect of epinephrine in pregnant women. In animal reproductive studies, epinephrine administered by the subcutaneous route to rabbits, mice, and hamsters during the period of organogenesis was teratogenic at doses 7 times and higher than the maximum recommended human intramuscular and subcutaneous dose on a mg/m 2 basis. Epinephrine is the first-line medication of choice for the treatment of anaphylaxis during pregnancy in humans.

Epinephrine should be used for treatment of anaphylaxis during pregnancy in the same manner as it is used in non-pregnant patients. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Disease-associated maternal and embryo/fetal risk: During pregnancy, anaphylaxis can be catastrophic and can lead to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and permanent central nervous system damage or death in the mother and, more commonly, in the fetus or neonate.

The prevalence of anaphylaxis occurring during pregnancy is reported to be approximately 3 cases per 100,000 deliveries. Management of anaphylaxis during pregnancy is similar to management in the general population. Epinephrine is the first line-medication of choice for treatment of anaphylaxis; it should be used in the same manner in pregnant and non-pregnant patients. In conjunction with the administration of epinephrine, the patient should seek immediate medical or hospital care.

Data Animal Data: In an embryofetal development study with rabbits dosed during the period of organogenesis, epinephrine was shown to be teratogenic (including gastroschisis and embryonic lethality) at doses approximately 40 times the maximum recommended intramuscular or subcutaneous dose (on a mg/m 2 basis at a maternal subcutaneous dose of 1.2 mg/kg/day for two to three days). In an embryofetal development study with mice dosed during the period of organogenesis, epinephrine was shown to be teratogenic (including embryonic lethality) at doses approximately 8 times the maximum recommended intramuscular or subcutaneous dose (on a mg/m 2 basis at maternal subcutaneous dose of 1 mg/kg/day for 10 days).

These effects were not seen in mice at approximately 4 times the maximum recommended daily intramuscular or subcutaneous dose (on a mg/m 2 basis at a subcutaneous maternal dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day for 10 days). In an embryofetal development study with hamsters dosed during the period of organogenesis from gestation days 7 to 10, epinephrine was shown to be teratogenic at doses approximately 7 times the maximum recommended intramuscular or subcutaneous dose (on a mg/m 2 basis at a maternal subcutaneous dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day).

Adverse reactions

Due to the lack of randomized, controlled clinical trials of epinephrine for the treatment of anaphylaxis, the true incidence of adverse reactions associated with the systemic use of epinephrine is difficult to determine. Adverse reactions reported in observational trials, case reports, and studies are listed below. Common adverse reactions to systemically administered epinephrine include anxiety; apprehensiveness; restlessness; tremor; weakness; dizziness; sweating; palpitations; pallor; nausea and vomiting; headache; and/or respiratory difficulties.

These symptoms occur in some persons receiving therapeutic doses of epinephrine, but are more likely to occur in patients with hypertension or hyperthyroidism [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 ) ]. Cardiovascular Reactions Arrhythmias, including fatal ventricular fibrillation, have been reported, particularly in patients with underlying cardiac disease or those receiving certain drugs [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 ) and Drug Interactions ( 7 ) ].

Rapid rises in blood pressure have produced cerebral hemorrhage, particularly in elderly patients with cardiovascular disease [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 ) ]. Angina may occur in patients with coronary artery disease [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 ) ]. Rare cases of stress cardiomyopathy have been reported in patients treated with epinephrine. Reactions from Accidental Injection and/or Improper Technique Accidental injection into the digits, hands or feet may result in loss of blood flow to the affected area [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 ) ].

Adverse reactions experienced as a result of accidental injections may include increased heart rate, local reactions including injection site pallor, coldness and hypoesthesia or injury at the injection site resulting in bruising, bleeding, discoloration, erythema or skeletal injury. Lacerations, bent needles, and embedded needles have been reported when epinephrine injection has been injected into the thigh of young children who are uncooperative and kick or move during the injection [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 ) ].

Injection into the buttock has resulted in cases of gas gangrene [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 ) ]. Skin and Soft Tissue Infections Rare cases of serious skin and soft tissue infections, including necrotizing fasciitis and myonecrosis caused by Clostridia (gas gangrene), have been reported following epinephrine injection, including epinephrine injection 0.3 mg, in the thigh [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 ) ].

Adverse reactions to epinephrine include anxiety, apprehensiveness, restlessness, tremor, weakness, dizziness, sweating, palpitations, pallor, nausea and vomiting, headache, and/or respiratory difficulties. ( 6 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. at 1-888-838-2872 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

Epinephrine (Autoinjector)

Indications

Contraindications

Warnings and precautions

Two medicines in one question?

Epinephrine (Autoinjector)

Indications

Contraindications

Warnings and precautions

Two medicines in one question?

5.1Emergency Treatment

5.2Injection-Related Complications

5.3Serious Infections at the Injection Site

5.4Allergic Reactions Associated with Sulfite

5.5Disease Interactions

Interactions

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

8.1Pregnancy Risk Summary

Adverse reactions

Composition

Strengths and forms

Official product information

At a glance