DUAVEE is indicated in women with a uterus for: DUAVEE is a combination of conjugated estrogens with an estrogen agonist/antagonist indicated for treatment of the following conditions in women with a uterus:
Treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause ( 1.1 )
Prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis ( 1.2 ) Limitation of Use : DUAVEE should be used for the shortest duration consistent with treatment goals and risks for the individual woman ( 1.3 )
1.1 Treatment of Moderate to Severe Vasomotor Symptoms Associated with Menopause
1.2 Prevention of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
1.3 Important Limitations of Use
Use DUAVEE for the shortest duration consistent with treatment goals and risks for the individual woman. Postmenopausal women should be re-evaluated periodically as clinically appropriate to determine if treatment is still necessary.
When prescribing solely for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis, therapy should only be considered for women at significant risk of osteoporosis and non-estrogen medication should be carefully considered.
Contraindications
DUAVEE is contraindicated in women with any of the following conditions:
Undiagnosed abnormal uterine bleeding
Known, suspected, or past history of breast cancer
Known or suspected estrogen-dependent neoplasia
Active deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or history of these conditions
Active arterial thromboembolic disease (for example, stroke, myocardial infarction) or history of these conditions
Hypersensitivity (for example, anaphylaxis, angioedema) to estrogens, bazedoxifene, or any ingredients
Known hepatic impairment or disease
Known protein C, protein S, or antithrombin deficiency or other known thrombophilic disorders
Pregnancy, as DUAVEE may cause fetal harm [see pregnancy (8.1) ] .
Undiagnosed abnormal uterine bleeding ( 4 , 5.3 )
Known, suspected, or past history of breast cancer ( 4 , 5.3 )
Known or suspected estrogen-dependent neoplasia ( 4 , 5.3 )
Active or past history of venous thromboembolism ( 4 , 5.2 )
Active or past history of arterial thromboembolism ( 4 , 5.2 )
Hypersensitivity (angioedema, anaphylaxis) to estrogens, bazedoxifene, or any ingredients ( 4 )
Known hepatic impairment or disease ( 4 , 5.9 , 8.7, 12.3 )
Known protein C, protein S, or antithrombin deficiency or other known thrombophilic disorders ( 4 )
Pregnancy ( 1 , 4 , 8.1 )
Warnings and precautions
Women taking DUAVEE should not take progestins, additional estrogens or additional estrogen agonist/antagonists ( 5.1 )
Cardiovascular disorders, including venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism, stroke, and retinal vascular thrombosis ( 5.2 , 5.6 )
Malignant neoplasms, including endometrial cancer, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer ( 5.3 )
Estrogens increase the risk of gallbladder disease ( 5.5 )
Discontinue estrogen if loss of vision, severe hypertriglyceridemia or cholestatic jaundice occurs ( 5.6 , 5.8 , 5.9 )
Monitor thyroid function in women on thyroid replacement therapy ( 5.10 , 5.17 )
5.1Drugs Containing Progestins, Estrogens or Estrogen Agonist/Antagonists
DUAVEE contains conjugated estrogens and bazedoxifene, an estrogen agonist/antagonist. Women taking DUAVEE should not take progestins, additional estrogens or additional estrogen agonist/antagonists.
5.2Cardiovascular Disorders
Estrogen agonist/antagonists (including bazedoxifene, a component of DUAVEE) and estrogens individually are known to increase the risk of VTE. An increased risk of stroke and DVT has been reported with estrogen-alone therapy. Should any of these occur or be suspected, DUAVEE should be discontinued immediately. Risk factors for arterial vascular disease (for example, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, tobacco use, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity) and/or VTE (for example, personal history or family history of VTE, obesity, and systemic lupus erythematosus) should be managed appropriately.
Stroke In the WHI estrogen-alone substudy, a statistically significant increased risk of stroke was reported in women 50 to 79 years of age receiving daily conjugated estrogens (CE) (0.625 mg)-alone compared to women in the same age group receiving placebo (45 versus 33 per 10,000 women-years). The increase in risk was demonstrated in year 1 and persisted [see Clinical Studies (14.5) ] . Subgroup analyses of women 50 to 59 years of age suggest no increased risk of stroke for those women receiving conjugated estrogens (0.625 mg)-alone versus those receiving placebo (18 versus 21 per 10,000 women-years).
Should a stroke occur or be suspected, DUAVEE should be discontinued immediately [see Contraindications (4) ]. Coronary Heart Disease In the WHI estrogen-alone substudy, no overall effect on coronary heart disease (CHD) events (defined as nonfatal myocardial infarction, silent myocardial infarction, or CHD death) was reported in women receiving estrogen-alone compared to placebo [see Clinical Studies (14.5) ] . Subgroup analyses of women 50 to 59 years of age suggest a statistically non-significant reduction in CHD events (CE [0.625 mg]-alone compared to placebo) in women with less than 10 years since menopause (8 versus 16 per 10,000 women-years).
Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) In the WHI estrogen-alone substudy, the risk of VTE [DVT and pulmonary embolism (PE)] was increased for women receiving daily conjugated estrogens (0.625 mg)-alone compared to placebo (30 versus 22 per 10,000 women-years), although only the increased risk of DVT reached statistical significance (23 versus 15 per 10,000 women-years). The increase in VTE risk was demonstrated during the first 2 years [see Clinical Studies (14.5) ] .
If feasible, DUAVEE should be discontinued at least 4 to 6 weeks before surgery of the type associated with an increased risk of thromboembolism, or during periods of prolonged immobilization. Because immobilization increases the risk for venous thromboembolic events independent of therapy, DUAVEE should be discontinued prior to and during prolonged immobilization (e.g., post-surgical recovery, prolonged bed rest) and DUAVEE therapy should be resumed only after the patient is fully ambulatory.
In addition, women taking DUAVEE should be advised to move about periodically during travel involving prolonged immobilization.
5.3Malignant Neoplasms Endometrial Cancer
An increased risk of endometrial cancer has been reported with the use of unopposed estrogen therapy in women with a uterus. The reported endometrial cancer risk among unopposed estrogen users is about 2 to 12 times greater than in non-users, and appears dependent on duration of treatment and on estrogen dose. Most studies show no significant increased risk associated with use of estrogens for less than 1 year. The greatest risk appears associated with prolonged use, with increased risks of 15- to 24-fold for 5 to 10 years or more of treatment.
This risk has been shown to persist for at least 8 to 15 years after estrogen therapy is discontinued. DUAVEE contains an estrogen agonist/antagonist. This component reduces the risk of endometrial hyperplasia that can occur with the conjugated estrogens component. Endometrial hyperplasia may be a precursor to endometrial cancer. Women taking DUAVEE should not take additional estrogens as this may increase the risk of endometrial hyperplasia.
Clinical surveillance of all women taking DUAVEE is important. Adequate diagnostic measures, including directed or random endometrial sampling when indicated, should be undertaken to rule out malignancy in postmenopausal women with undiagnosed persistent or recurring abnormal genital bleeding. Breast Cancer The WHI substudy of daily conjugated estrogens (0.625 mg)-alone provided information about breast cancer in estrogen‑alone users.
In the WHI estrogen-alone substudy, after an average follow-up of 7.1 years, daily conjugated estrogen (0.625 mg)-alone was not associated with an increased risk of invasive breast cancer (relative risk [RR] 0.80). The use of estrogen-alone has been reported to result in an increase in abnormal mammograms requiring further evaluation. The effect of treatment with DUAVEE on the risk of breast cancer is unknown. All women should receive yearly breast examinations by a healthcare provider and perform monthly breast self-examinations.
In addition, mammography examinations should be scheduled based on patient age, risk factors, and prior mammogram results. Ovarian Cancer A meta-analysis of 17 prospective and 35 retrospective epidemiology studies found that women who used hormonal therapy for menopausal symptoms had an increased risk for ovarian cancer. The primary analysis, using case-control comparisons, included 12,110 cancer cases from the 17 prospective studies.
The relative risks associated with current use of hormonal therapy was 1.41 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32 to 1.50); there was no difference in the risk estimates by duration of the exposure (less than 5 years [median of 3 years] vs. greater than 5 years [median of 10 years] of use before the cancer diagnosis). The relative risk associated with combined current and recent use (discontinued use within 5 years before cancer diagnosis) was 1.37 (95% CI 1.27–1.48), and the elevated risk was significant for both estrogen-alone and estrogen plus progestin products.
5.4 Probable Dementia In the WHIMS estrogen-alone ancillary study of WHI, a population of 2,947 hysterectomized women 65 to 79 years of age was randomized to daily CE (0.625 mg)-alone or placebo. After an average follow-up of 5.2 years, 28 women in the estrogen-alone group and 19 women in the placebo group were diagnosed with probable dementia. The relative risk of probable dementia for CE-alone versus placebo was 1.49 (95 percent CI, 0.83–2.66).
The absolute risk of probable dementia for CE-alone versus placebo was 37 versus 25 cases per 10,000 women-years [see Use in Specific Populations (8.5) and Clinical Studies (14.6) ] .
5.5 Gallbladder Disease A 2- to 4-fold increase in the risk of gallbladder disease requiring surgery in postmenopausal women receiving estrogens has been reported.
5.6Visual Abnormalities
Retinal vascular thrombosis has been reported in patien
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Interactions
7.1Cytochrome P450 (CYP)
In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that estrogens are metabolized partially by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Concomitant administration of itraconazole, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, with DUAVEE, resulted in increases in bazedoxifene exposure (40%) and, to a lesser extent, conjugated estrogens exposure (9% for baseline-adjusted total estrone, 5% for total equilin), compared to DUAVEE alone [see Pharmacokinetics (12.3) ] .
Inducers of CYP3A4, such as St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) preparations, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, and rifampin, may reduce plasma concentrations of some estrogens, possibly resulting in a decrease in therapeutic effects and/or changes in the uterine bleeding profile. Bazedoxifene does not induce or inhibit the activities of major CYP isoenzymes. In vitro data suggest that bazedoxifene is unlikely to interact with co-administered drugs via CYP-mediated metabolism.
Bazedoxifene undergoes metabolism by UGT enzymes in the intestinal tract and liver. The metabolism of bazedoxifene may be increased by concomitant use of substances known to induce UGTs, such as rifampin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, and phenytoin. A reduction in bazedoxifene exposure may be associated with an increase risk of endometrial hyperplasia. Adequate diagnostic measures, including directed or random endometrial sampling when indicated, should be undertaken to rule out malignancy in postmenopausal women with undiagnosed persistent or recurring abnormal genital bleeding.
7.3Atorvastatin
Concomitant administration of bazedoxifene (40 mg daily) and atorvastatin (20 mg, single-dose) to healthy postmenopausal women did not affect the pharmacokinetics of bazedoxifene, atorvastatin or its active metabolites.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding
8.1Pregnancy Risk Summary
DUAVEE is contraindicated for use in pregnant women and is not indicated for use in females of reproductive potential [see Contraindications (4) , Warnings and Precautions (5.15) ]. Conjugated Estrogens (CE) There are no data with the use of conjugated estrogens in pregnant women; however, epidemiologic studies and meta-analyses have not found an increased risk of genital and non-genital birth defects (including cardiac anomalies and limb-reduction defects) following exposure to combined hormonal contraceptives before conception or during early pregnancy.
Bazedoxifene There are no available data on bazedoxifene use in pregnant women to inform a drug associated risk of adverse developmental outcomes. Animal studies have shown that oral bazedoxifene administered during the period of organogenesis to pregnant rats or rabbits at 0.3 and 2 times, respectively, the exposure at the maximum recommended dose, can cause fetal harm [see Data ]. Based on mechanism of action, bazedoxifene may block the important functions that estrogen has during all stages of pregnancy [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1) ] .
Data Animal data Bazedoxifene Administration of bazedoxifene to rats at maternally toxic dosages ≥1 mg/kg/day (≥ 0.3 times the human area under the curve (AUC) at the 20 mg dose) resulted in reduced numbers of live fetuses and/or reductions in fetal body weights. No fetal developmental anomalies were observed. In studies conducted with pregnant rabbits treated with bazedoxifene, abortion and an increased incidence of heart (ventricular septal defect) and skeletal system (ossification delays, misshapen or misaligned bones, primarily of the spine and skull) anomalies in the fetuses were present at maternally toxic dosages of ≥ 0.5 mg/kg/day (≥ 2 times the human AUC at the 20 mg dose).
Adverse reactions
The following adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the label:
Cardiovascular Disorders [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ]
Malignant Neoplasms [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ]
Gallbladder Disease [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ]
Hypertriglyceridemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ] In four prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trials the common adverse reactions (incidence ≥ 5%) were muscle spasms, nausea, diarrhea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain upper, oropharyngeal pain, dizziness, and neck pain ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Pfizer Inc. at 1-800-438-1985 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch .
6.1Clinical Trials Experience
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice. The safety of conjugated estrogens/bazedoxifene was evaluated in four Phase 3 clinical trials ranging from 12 weeks to 24 months in duration and enrolling 6,210 postmenopausal women age 40 to 75 years (mean age 55 years).
A total of 1,224 patients were treated with DUAVEE and 1,069 patients received placebo. Women enrolled in Studies 1 and 2 received calcium (600–1200 mg) and vitamin D (200–400 IU) daily, while women in Studies 3 and 4 received no calcium and vitamin D supplementation as part of the protocol. The incidence of all-cause mortality was 0.0% in the DUAVEE group and 0.2% in the placebo group. The incidence of serious adverse reactions was 3.5% in the DUAVEE group and 4.8% in the placebo group.
The percentage of patients who withdrew from treatment due to adverse reactions was 7.5% in the DUAVEE group and 10.0% in the placebo group. The most common adverse reactions leading to discontinuation were hot flush, abdominal pain upper, and nausea. The most commonly observed adverse reactions (incidence ≥ 5%) more frequently reported in women treated with DUAVEE than placebo are presented in Table 1. Table 1: Adverse Reactions (Incidence ≥ 5%) More Common in the DUAVEE Treatment Group in Placebo-controlled Trials DUAVEE (N=1224) n (%) Placebo (N=1069) n (%) Gastrointestinal disorders Nausea 100 (8) 58 (5) Diarrhea 96 (8) 57 (5) Dyspepsia 84 (7) 59 (6) Abdominal pain upper 81 (7) 58 (5) Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders Muscle spasms 110 (9) 63 (6) Neck pain 62 (5) 46 (4) Nervous system disorders Dizziness 65 (5) 37 (3) Respiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal disorders Oropharyngeal pain 80 (7) 61 (6) Venous thromboembolism : In the clinical studies with DUAVEE, the reporting rates for venous thromboembolism (deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and retinal vein thrombosis) were low in all treatment groups.
Adverse reactions of venous thromboembolism were reported in 0.0% of patients treated with DUAVEE and 0.1% of patients treated with placebo. Due to the low rate of events in both groups, it is not possible to conclude that the risk of venous thromboembolism with DUAVEE is different from that seen with other estrogen therapies [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] .
Prognia shows this product information for reference and learning. It is not treatment advice and can lag behind the official text. Always check the current product information and local protocols before prescribing.
The exact duration of hormone therapy use associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer, however, is unknown. The effect of treatment with DUAVEE on the risk of ovarian cancer is unknown.
