Blood lead exposure, renal hyperfiltration, and accelerated kidney function decline among people living with HIV in northern Tanzania: A longitudinal cohort study

Introduction

People living with HIV (PLWH) face a high burden of kidney disease from HIV-related injury, antiretroviral toxicity, and environmental lead exposure. Renal hyperfiltration, an early compensatory state, may precede accelerated kidney function decline, yet its relationship with lead exposure remains understudied in sub-Saharan Africa.