Frontiers in nutrition
Clinical value of probiotics as adjunctive therapy for diabetic nephropathy: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis
By Huang X, Yang X, Yu Y and 4 others.
Abstract
Objective
To comprehensively assess the clinical effectiveness of probiotic supplementation in individuals with diabetic nephropathy (DN).
Methods
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating probiotics for DN were retrieved from eight databases from inception to January 2026. Data on study characteristics, outcome measures, and risk of bias were independently extracted. Meta-analyses were conducted using Review Manager version 5.3, while trial sequential analysis (TSA) was performed with TSA version 0.9.5.10 beta. Potential publication bias was examined using Egger's regression test.
