Changes in vocational college students' mental health over two academic years: associations with family factors and co-curricular activities

Background

Vocational college students face elevated risks of psychological distress due to academic, interpersonal and family stressors. However, longitudinal evidence tracking their two-year mental health shifts and relevant ecological correlates remains scarce. This study analyzed two-year mental health changes among vocational college students and examined correlations between family background variables and co-curricular activities (locally named "second classroom").