Association Between Smartphone Addiction and Near Binocular Vision Function Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Purpose

Currently, the use of smartphones, video games, and the widespread use of digital screens throughout the day have led to a new clinical syndrome named "digital eye strain". Few studies have examined problematic smartphone use, unlike screen-time duration, in relation to near binocular vision parameters. This study aimed to explore the association between near binocular vision and problematic smartphone use, using the smartphone addiction scale. Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study involved 134 University students aged between 18 and 25 years. The validated smartphone addiction scale questionnaire was administered together with optometric measurements such as amplitude of accommodation, near phoria, and stereoacuity, near point of convergence, and a questionnaire on convergence insufficiency symptoms.