Patient preference and adherence
Pro-Rich Inequality in Health-Related Quality of Life Among Primary Care Diabetes Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
By Li H, He J, Li R and 8 others.
Abstract
Objective
This cross-sectional study aimed to assess HRQoL and to examine income-related inequalities among diabetes patients in Harbin, a cold-region city in China, where such evidence remains limited.
Methods
In July 2025, 433 adults with diabetes were recruited from two community health centers in Harbin using random sampling from electronic health records. HRQoL was measured using the EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L) utility index and the EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS). Income-related inequality was quantified using the concentration index (CI) and the Erreygers-corrected CI. Wagstaff decomposition was applied to identify contributing factors, and horizontal inequity (HI) indices were computed after adjusting for need variables. Sensitivity analyses included Tobit model.
