Abstract / Summary
Background: To investigate the clinical use of Sclerostin, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b), and serum C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3) levels in assessing the health and prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma.
Methods: A total of 250 patients with multiple myeloma who visited the hospital between January 2023 and December 2024 were included as the observation group, while 150 healthy individuals evaluated during the same period served as the control group. Serum levels of CCL3, TRACP-5b, and Sclerostin were measured and compared in the observation group before and after treatment. Additionally, serum levels of these markers were analysed in MM patients with different tumour stages and varying degrees of bone destruction. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with death within one year in MM patients. Finally, the predictive efficacy of single and combined detection of serum CCL3, TRACP-5b, and Sclerostin for one-year mortality in multiple myeloma patients was evaluated.
Results: The levels of serum CCL3, TRACP-5b, and Sclerostin in the observation group before and after treatment were significantly greater than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of serum CCL3, TRACP-5b, and Sclerostin in the observation group were significantly lower than those before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (P< 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in tumour stage, classification of bone destruction, CCL3 level, TRACP-5b level, and Sclerostin level (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that tumour stage, the degree of bone destruction, the CCL3 level, the TRACP-5b level, and the Sclerostin level were factors influencing death within 1 year in patients with multiple myeloma (P<0.05). The levels of serum CCL3, TRACP-5b, and Sclerostin have relatively high predictive value for death within 1 year in patients with multiple myeloma. The sensitivity of the combined detection of the three indicators was 90.3%, the specificity was 87.4%, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.937, which was significantly greater than that of CCL3 (Z = 3 .0 6 1 , P=0.002), TRACP-5b (Z= 3.625, P<0.001), and Sclerostin (Z= 2.579). When tested separately (P= 0.010), there was no statistically significant difference in AUC among the three indicators (P>0.05).
Conclusions: CCL3, TRACP-5b, and Sclerostin are involved in the development and progression of multiple myeloma and have high predictive value for death within 1 year.