Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Achieves Durable Remission in Blast-Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Presenting as Early T-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Introduction: The presentation of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in the blast phase as early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ETP-ALL) is very rare. As previously reported, in contrast to B-ALL, the prognosis is poor.

Case presentation: We encountered a patient with blast phase CML presenting as ETP-ALL. The patient responded to treatment with dasatinib and Hyper CVAD. However, the BCR::ABL1 transcript levels remained positive, and the patient demonstrated resistance to switching to ponatinib and other agents. Eventually, the patient underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and has maintained long-term molecular remission.

Conclusion: HSCT following remission induction therapy, inclusive of TKIs, may enhance prognosis for patients with blast phase CML presenting as ETP-ALL.

Trial registration: The authors have confirmed clinical trial registration is not needed for this submission.