Global development of bispecific antibodies in oncology: a bibliometric analysis of geographic disparities, collaborative models, and emerging translational strategies.

Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) have rapidly emerged as one of the most promising therapeutic strategies in oncology because of their ability to simultaneously engage multiple molecular targets and enhance antitumor immunity. Although the number of publications has increased substantially, a comprehensive bibliometric characterization of the global research landscape and its developmental trajectory remain lacking. A bibliometric analysis was conducted using publications retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus from January 2014 to July 2026. After data standardization and deduplication, 5,929 eligible publications were included. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Bibliometrix were applied to evaluate publication trends, collaborations among countries, institutions, and authors, influential journals, keyword co-occurrence, citation bursts, and thematic evolution. Global publications on bsAbs demonstrated sustained growth, particularly after 2018, reflecting rapidly increasing scientific interest. The USA and China contributed the largest research outputs, while several internationally collaborative institutions served as major research hubs. Highly cited journals and influential authors formed interconnected knowledge networks that characterized the scholarly structure of the field. Keyword clustering and timeline analyses revealed a progressive transition from antibody engineering and T-cell engager technologies toward clinical applications involving hematologic malignancies, solid tumors, combination immunotherapy, tumor microenvironment, and emerging therapeutic targets. Citation burst analyses further identified evolving research hotspots and highlighted increasing attention to translational and clinically oriented studies. This study reconstructs the global intellectual landscape and thematic evolution of oncology-oriented bsAb research. The findings provide a bibliometric overview of scientific development, identify current research frontiers, and may inform future collaboration, research prioritization, and investigation of next-generation bsAb therapies.