Allergic rhinitis: Prevention and treatment

Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common allergic diseases and is an inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa caused by an immune response to various allergens. The disease is characterized by episodes of sneezing, nasal congestion, watery nasal discharge, nasal itching, and impaired nasal breathing. Allergic rhinitis has a significant impact on patients’ quality of life, affecting sleep, work performance, and educational activities, and may also contribute to the development of other respiratory diseases, including bronchial asthma.The main areas of prevention include identifying and eliminating exposure to relevant allergens, maintaining hygienic measures, controlling the environment, and timely treatment of concomitant diseases. Modern therapy includes allergen avoidance measures, intranasal glucocorticosteroids, antihistamines, antileukotriene agents in selected clinical situations, and allergen-specific immunotherapy. The choice of treatment depends on the severity of symptoms, duration of the disease, patient’s age, and the presence of concomitant pathology. A comprehensive approach to prevention and treatment can significantly reduce the severity of symptoms and improve patients’ quality of life.