The Adjunctive Effect of Goniotomy Combined with Phacoemulsification and Goniosynechialysis for Advanced Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma with 360° Angle Closure: 12-Month Outcomes

Yuqiao Zhang,1,2,* Wenhui Dong,1,2,* Suwen Zhao,1,2 Chunxin Lai,3 Hongliang Lin,1,2 Xiaoyan Liu,1,2 Li Zeng,1,2 Yuxuan Li,1,2 Di Wang,1,2 Hongyang Zhang1,21Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 2The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Ophthalmology, The People’s Hospital Of Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Hongyang Zhang, Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China, Email hy3005716@163.com; Di Wang, Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China, Email disarm@foxmail.comPurpose: To compare phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation and goniosynechialysis, with or without adjunctive goniotomy, in advanced primary angle-closure glaucoma with complete circumferential angle closure.Design: Retrospective comparative study.Methods: This study included 61 eyes undergoing phacoemulsification and goniosynechialysis without (N=31) or with adjunctive goniotomy (N=30), with at least 12 months of follow-up. A peripheral anterior synechiae of 360° was confirmed by gonioscopy and ultrasound biomicroscopy. The primary outcome was month-12 intraocular pressure (IOP). Longitudinal generalized estimating equations adjusted for baseline IOP, age, sex, and vertical cup-to-disc ratio. Secondary outcomes included medication use, surgical success, postoperative angle status, and complications.Results: At month 12, mean IOP was 16.26 ± 3.03 mmHg in the group without goniotomy and 16.63 ± 3.29 mmHg in the group with goniotomy. The adjusted between-group difference was − 0.46 mmHg (95% CI − 1.97 to 1.04, P=0.54), below the post hoc exploratory margins of 4, 3, and 2 mmHg. Medication use had no significant difference between groups (P=0.89). Complete and qualified success rates were similar at IOP thresholds of ≤ 21, ≤ 18, and ≤ 15 mmHg combined with at least 20% IOP reduction, with comparable cumulative success rate. Hyphema occurred in 1/31 eyes (3.2%) and 9/30 eyes (30.0%) in groups without and with adjunctive goniotomy (absolute risk difference, 26.8 percentage points, 95% CI, 7.7 to 45.8, P< 0.01).Conclusions: In advanced PACG eyes with 360° angle closure, the differences between the 12-month IOP control, surgical success, and medication reduction of the two groups showed no statistically significance. Routine addition of goniotomy may not provide additional benefit.Keywords: primary angle-closure glaucoma, goniosynechialysis, goniotomy, phacoemulsification