Association between Intra-vesical Prostatic Protrusion and the Severity of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Introduction

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common age-related condition and an important cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in aging men. Although pressure–flow studies are the gold standard for diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), their invasive nature limits routine use. Intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP), measured by ultrasonography, is a simple noninvasive parameter that may reflect BOO severity. This study evaluated the correlation between IPP and LUTS severity using International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS).