Violencia obstétrica institucionalizada desde la perspectiva de los proveedores de atención materna: una revisión narrativa bajo un modelo jerárquico-operativo Institutionalized obstetric violence from the perspective of maternal care providers: a narrative review under a hierarchical-operational model

ABSTRACT Introduction: Respectful Maternity Care (RMC) is a fundamental human right, systematically compromised by abusive institutional practices. Given the existing theoretical fragmentation, this study proposes the unified concept of Institutionalized Obstetric Violence (IOV) to examine this issue from the healthcare staff's perspective. Methodology: A narrative review was conducted between february 10 and 25 may, 2026, across PubMed, Scopus, and SciELO. A refined corpus of primary scientific literature and international reports/rulings from the 2022–2026 period was included and classified via qualitative analysis using Bohren’s multidimensional typology as an aprioristic matrix.