Ergonomic Analysis of Work Posture and Repetitive Tasks Among Small Scale Footwear Industry Workers and Its Correlation with Work-Related Musculoskeletal Pain

Introduction

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are highly prevalent among footwear industry workers due to repetitive manual tasks and prolonged awkward postures. Although ergonomic risk factors have been investigated in large manufacturing settings, evidence from small-scale labour-intensive footwear industries remains limited, particularly regarding the combined influence of repetitive work and postural load on musculoskeletal pain.