Effects of Bee Bread Extract on Fasting Glycaemia and Irs-1 Gene Expression in a Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide Model of Diabetes in Male Rats

Background and Objective: Bee bread contains nutrients and phytochemicals that may influence metabolic homeostasis, but its effects on insulin-signalling-related outcomes in experimental diabetes remain incompletely characterised. This study evaluated the effects of ethanolic bee bread extract on fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin, glucagon, an assay-derived serum GLUT4 concentration, pancreatic histology, and skeletal-muscle insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) gene expression in a streptozotocin-nicotinamide model of diabetes in male rats.