Abstract / Summary
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid malignancy of childhood arising from neural crest cells of the sympathetic nervous system. Although the adrenal glands are the most frequent primary site, tumours may arise anywhere along the sympathetic chain, including the posterior mediastinum. A 13-month-old female child presented with progressive upper back pain, bilateral lower limb weakness, and right-sided neck swelling for one month with a progressive nature. CT thorax revealed a heterogeneous posterior mediastinal mass extending from the superior end plate of C6 to the inferior end plate of D7 vertebral body. MRI demonstrated a 3.8×3.2×3.2 cm lesion with cranio-caudal extension from C6 to D7 (approximately 5.5 cm), resulting in severe spinal canal narrowing and cord compression. Imaging findings suggested a neurogenic tumour. Histopathological examination revealed a malignant round cell tumour - Poorly differentiated neuroblastoma. Posterior mediastinal neuroblastoma with multilevel spinal involvement is uncommon and may present with neurological symptoms such as progressive upper back pain and bilateral lower limb weakness due to spinal canal compression.