Clinical Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy and 1% Metformin Gel as Adjuncts to Scaling and Root Planing in the Treatment of Periodontitis: A Randomised Clinical Trial

Introduction

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) utilises lightactivated Photosensitisers (PSs) to generate Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) disrupting bacterial biofilms and eliminating pathogens with minimal toxicity. Metformin enhances bacterial clearance, suppresses Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- induced inflammation, and stimulates human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts (hPDLFs) to promote tissue repair and regeneration.