Abstract / Summary
BackgroundProtein supplements (PS) and anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are used to enhance physique and performance and have been associated with alterations in physiological, biochemical, hormonal, and sexual health parameters.This study evaluated the impact of PS and AAS on hematological, biochemical, hormonal, and sexual health indices. Materials and methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among male patients of reproductive age presenting with sexual complaints to an andrology clinic.Of 1567 screened individuals, 112 users of PS or AAS were enrolled and grouped as PS only (n = 62), AAS only (n = 18), and PS+AAS (n = 32).A comparison group of 50 volunteers without sexual complaints or PS or AAS use was included.Participants were evaluated for hematological, liver, and renal functions and hormonal profiles using available investigation records.Sexual complaints were documented.Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests, wherever applicable (p<0.05). ResultsAbnormal findings were least frequent in PS users and most pronounced in PS+AAS users.Elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) occurred in 44.4% of AAS users and 46.8% of PS+AAS users.Reduced luteinizing hormone (LH) was seen in 61.1% and 68.7% of AAS and PS+AAS users, reduced folliclestimulating hormone (FSH) in 50.0% and 53.1%, and elevated estradiol in 38.8% and 40.6%, respectively.Testosterone showed a biphasic pattern.Gynecomastia, altered libido, testicular atrophy, reduced ejaculate volume, and other sexual-health complaints were more frequent in AAS-containing groups. ConclusionAAS use, particularly with concurrent PS use, was associated with biochemical, hormonal, and sexual health abnormalities, while PS-only users showed fewer abnormalities.These findings underscore the need for awareness, regulatory oversight, and screening among supplement users.